Software Fundamentals

1. What is Software?

software img

Software is a set of instrucions that tells a computer how to perform tasks.
It controls hardware and helps users perform different operations.


2. Types of Software

types of software img
  1. System Software
  2. Application Software
  3. Utility Software

3. System Software

system software img

System software manages and control.

Operating System (os)
Controls hardware and provides interface to users.
Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, Android
Device Drivers
Help OS communicate with hardware devices.
Example: Keyboard Driver, Printer Driver
Firmware
Software stored permanently on hardware.
Example: BIOS

IMPORTANT: OS is system software.


4. Application Software

application software img

Application software helps users perform specific tasks.

  • MS Word - Document creation
  • MS Excel - Calculations
  • MS PowerPoint - Presentations
  • Browsers - Chrome, Firefox
  • Media Players - VLC

Exam Tip: MS Office is application software.


5. Utility Software

utility software img

Utility software maintains and protects the computer.

  • Antivirus - Protects from viruses
  • Firewall - Blocks unauthorized access
  • Backup Tool - Saves data copies
  • Disk Cleanup - Removes junk files

6. Programming Software

programming software

Software used to create other software.

  • Compilers (C, C++)
  • Interpreters (Pyhton)
  • Assemblers
  • IDE (VS Code)

7. Software Licensing

software licensing.png
Open Source
Free to use, modify and distribute
Example: Linux
Proprietary
Paid and controlled by company.
Example: Windows
Freeware
Free to download but cannot modify.
Shareware
Free to downnload but cannot modify.
Shareware
Free for limited time.

8. Software vs Hardware

software vs hardware.png

Hardware: Physical Parts (Keyboard, CPU)

Software: Set of instructions (Windows, MS Word)

Exam Question: Is OS hardware or software? → Software


9. Important Exam Q&A

  • OS stands for → Operating System
  • BIOS belongs to → Firmware
  • MS Office is → Application Software
  • Linux is → Open-source OS
  • Compiler converts → Source code to Machine code
  • Antivirus is → Utility Software